Question 1

A good example of a concept that is a social construction and yet can still be an object of scientific study is:

Accepted Answer

A)   a hammer
B)   atoms
C)   neurons
D)   moneyE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

The thesis that unobserved, theoretically postulated entities actually exist is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   realism
B)   instrumentalism
C)   unificationism
D)   positivismE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 3

In terms of how science changes, one could argue that Historian Thomas Kuhn's analysis uses a ___________ approach that emphasis the human dimension of science. In contrast, Sir Karl Popper offered an interesting theory of scientific change because Popper tackles the question of how science changes from a ________ rather than a historical point of view.

Accepted Answer

A)   epistemological, syntactic
B)   syntactic, epistemological
C)   Whiggish, naturalistic
D)   naturalistic, normativeE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

According to Karl Popper, a discipline that claims to be a science is really a pseudoscience like astrology if it:

Accepted Answer

A)   can offer no facts in its support
B)   offers no refutable predictions
C)   gives rise to no experiments
D)   is not trueE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 5

In terms of the nature of scientific change, contrast the traditional rational view of scientific change with a naturalistic approach to science.

Accepted Answer

The traditional rational view of scienti...

Question 6

Isaac Newton's critics argued that he never explained how gravity actually worked. Newton's response was "Hypotheses non fingo", which essentially means:

Accepted Answer

A)   I am nothing like a positivist
B)   I do not feign hypotheses
C)   I hypothesize that you have not understood my calculations.
D)   The spirit of the times is my guide to reason.E) None of the above
F) B) and C) B

Question 7

In the Hempel and Oppenheim covering-law model of explanation, the explanadum is the:

Accepted Answer

A)   thing to be explained
B)   law of nature from which the event is to be explained
C)   the logical steps connecting the relevant law to the explained event
D)   set of laws covering the eventE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 8

Imagine the author of a History of Psychology Text Book (know as book X)  devotes a single chapter to "The Great Men of Psychology". In contrast, the author of your textbook has sought to place psychology within larger social and historical patterns. One could argue that your history of psychology text represents an example of ______ while text book (X)  represents a more _____ dimension in the history of science.

Accepted Answer

A)   externalism, internal
B)   internalism, external
C)   a nomological perspective, semantic
D)   naturalism, deductiveE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 9

Whig histories of science are typically internalist, seeing science as:

Accepted Answer

A)   open disciplines with ill defined problems that are largely influenced by social and historical events.
B)   self-contained disciplines solving well-defined problems by the rational use of the scientific method and unaffected by social/historical events.
C)   not scientific at all, but simple cultural constructions of the world.
D)   none of these.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above B

Question 10

Which of the following is used by the Old History of psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)   history from above.
B)   history from below.
C)   is more critical, contextual and inclusive than it is ceremonial
D)   is goes beyond the study of old men and utilizes primary sources.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 11

Problems for Kuhn's analysis of science include:

Accepted Answer

A)   little historical evidence for change in a revolutionary manner.
B)   his own retreat from the theme of revolution in his analysis.
C)   all of the above.
D)   none of the above.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 12

If a scientist believes that his or her theory may actually be true, then he or she is a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)   realist
B)   instrumentalist
C)   revolutionary
D)   positivistE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 13

Describe the Newtonian style of modern science and explain how it developed into positivism. Be sure to discuss the issues related to description, prediction, control, and explanation.

Accepted Answer

The Newtonian style of modern science is...

Question 14

Compare and contrast the Buddhist and Western conceptions of the mind and its importance.

Accepted Answer

The Buddhist and Western conceptions of ...

Question 15

A somewhat controversial aspect of Thomas Kuhn's picture of science is the idea:

Accepted Answer

A)   that science is influenced by natural and social forces.
B)   that there are times in the history of science when science fails to move at all.
C)   that science can undergo radical change in short periods of time resulting in "revolutions" of thought.
D)   that science always evolves in a slow, rational and progressive manner .E) All of the above
F) B) and D) C

Question 16

Logical Positivism: Match type of term to a suitable example
-mathematical

Accepted Answer

A)   equals
B)   weight at sea level
C)   massD) None of the above
E) B) and C)

Question 17

Concerning the tension between reasons and causes in history of science, the Whig history of science has tended to overestimate ___________ viewing history of science as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   social forces, a social institution that is void of individual struggle and triumph.
B)   cause, seeing history as the result of random forces ending in current confusion.
C)   reasons, seeing history as a fairy tale like series of progressive steps leading to current enlightenment.
D)   paradigms, the result of revolutions.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

From the causal perspective on scientific explanation, the chief failure of the covering-law model is its:

Accepted Answer

A)   emphasis on quantitative mathematics
B)   search for true laws of nature
C)   excessive realism
D)   emphasis on explanation as merely logical deductionE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 19

Match philosophical account of theories to its description.
-naturalism

Accepted Answer

A)   theories are about models of the world
B)   theories are collections of sentences
C)   theories consist of a world-viewD) A) and B)
E) A) and C)

Question 20

The Historian Thomas Kuhn proposed the concept of a paradigm among scientists. Paradigms can __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   provide scientists with assumptions about the nature of reality
B)   provide a blueprint that will guide experimental procedures
C)   influence and shape how scientists view the world
D)   all of the aboveE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Exam 1: Introduction

A good example of a concept that is a social construction and yet can still be an object of scientific study is:

Correct Answer
verified

The thesis that unobserved, theoretically postulated entities actually exist is called:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

According to Karl Popper, a discipline that claims to be a science is really a pseudoscience like astrology if it:

Correct Answer
verified

In terms of the nature of scientific change, contrast the traditional rational view of scientific change with a naturalistic approach to science.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The traditional rational view of scienti...
View Answer

Isaac Newton's critics argued that he never explained how gravity actually worked. Newton's response was "Hypotheses non fingo", which essentially means:

Correct Answer
verified
B

In the Hempel and Oppenheim covering-law model of explanation, the explanadum is the:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Whig histories of science are typically internalist, seeing science as:

Correct Answer
verified
B

Which of the following is used by the Old History of psychology?

Correct Answer
verified

Problems for Kuhn's analysis of science include:

Correct Answer
verified

If a scientist believes that his or her theory may actually be true, then he or she is a(n) :

Correct Answer
verified

Describe the Newtonian style of modern science and explain how it developed into positivism. Be sure to discuss the issues related to description, prediction, control, and explanation.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The Newtonian style of modern science is...
View Answer

Compare and contrast the Buddhist and Western conceptions of the mind and its importance.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The Buddhist and Western conceptions of ...
View Answer

A somewhat controversial aspect of Thomas Kuhn's picture of science is the idea:

Correct Answer
verified
C

Logical Positivism: Match type of term to a suitable example -mathematical

Correct Answer
verified

Concerning the tension between reasons and causes in history of science, the Whig history of science has tended to overestimate ___ viewing history of science as .

Correct Answer
verified

From the causal perspective on scientific explanation, the chief failure of the covering-law model is its:

Correct Answer
verified

Match philosophical account of theories to its description. -naturalism

Correct Answer
verified

The Historian Thomas Kuhn proposed the concept of a paradigm among scientists. Paradigms can __________.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 1: Introduction

A good example of a concept that is a social construction and yet can still be an object of scientific study is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The thesis that unobserved, theoretically postulated entities actually exist is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Karl Popper, a discipline that claims to be a science is really a pseudoscience like astrology if it:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In terms of the nature of scientific change, contrast the traditional rational view of scientific change with a naturalistic approach to science.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe traditional rational view of scienti...View AnswerShow Answer

Isaac Newton's critics argued that he never explained how gravity actually worked. Newton's response was "Hypotheses non fingo", which essentially means:

Correct AnswerverifiedB

In the Hempel and Oppenheim covering-law model of explanation, the explanadum is the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Whig histories of science are typically internalist, seeing science as:

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Which of the following is used by the Old History of psychology?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Problems for Kuhn's analysis of science include:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a scientist believes that his or her theory may actually be true, then he or she is a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the Newtonian style of modern science and explain how it developed into positivism. Be sure to discuss the issues related to description, prediction, control, and explanation.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe Newtonian style of modern science is...View AnswerShow Answer

Compare and contrast the Buddhist and Western conceptions of the mind and its importance.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe Buddhist and Western conceptions of ...View AnswerShow Answer

A somewhat controversial aspect of Thomas Kuhn's picture of science is the idea:

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Logical Positivism: Match type of term to a suitable example -mathematical

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Concerning the tension between reasons and causes in history of science, the Whig history of science has tended to overestimate ___________ viewing history of science as ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

From the causal perspective on scientific explanation, the chief failure of the covering-law model is its:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match philosophical account of theories to its description. -naturalism

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Historian Thomas Kuhn proposed the concept of a paradigm among scientists. Paradigms can __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The traditional rational view of scienti...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
B

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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B

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The Newtonian style of modern science is...
View Answer

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The Buddhist and Western conceptions of ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
C

Correct Answer
verified

Concerning the tension between reasons and causes in history of science, the Whig history of science has tended to overestimate ___ viewing history of science as .

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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