Question 1

Two primary acid-base disorders that are present independently are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)   metabolic acidosis.
B)   metabolic alkalosis.
C)   respiratory alkalosis.
D)   mixed acid-base imbalance.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 2

A patient has been hospitalized several times in 6 months with severe ECV depletion and hypokalemia resulting from chronic laxative abuse.Which blood gas results should be relayed to the physician?

Accepted Answer

A)   pH in high part of normal range, PaO₂ normal, PaCO₂ normal, bicarbonate normal
B)   pH in high part of normal range, PaO₂ normal, PaCO₂ high, bicarbonate high
C)   pH in low part of normal range, PaO₂ normal, PaCO₂ low, bicarbonate low
D)   pH in low part of normal range, PaO₂ normal, PaCO₂ normal, bicarbonate normalE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 3

Which acid are the kidneys unable to excrete?

Accepted Answer

A)   Metabolic
B)   Carbonic
C)   Bicarbonate
D)   AmmoniaE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Respiratory acidosis is associated with

Accepted Answer

A)   increased carbonic acid.
B)   hypokalemia.
C)   increased neuromuscular excitability.
D)   increased pH.E) None of the above
F) A) and D) A

Question 5

A 3-year-old is diagnosed with starvation ketoacidosis.What signs and symptoms should you anticipate in your assessment?

Accepted Answer

A)   Slow, shallow breathing, belligerence, hyperexcitability
B)   Slow, shallow breathing, numbness and tingling around his mouth
C)   Rapid, deep breathing, lethargy, abdominal pain
D)   Rapid, deep breathing, tremors, elevated blood pressureE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 6

A person with acute hypoxemia may hyperventilate and develop

Accepted Answer

A)   respiratory acidosis.
B)   respiratory alkalosis.
C)   metabolic alkalosis.
D)   metabolic acidosis.E) All of the above
F) A) and B) B

Question 7

The patient who requires the most careful monitoring for development of metabolic acidosis is a patient who

Accepted Answer

A)   is in the diuretic phase of acute renal failure.
B)   has had hypokalemia for over a week.
C)   has had diarrhea for over a week.
D)   has newly diagnosed Cushing syndrome.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

The ________ system compensates for metabolic acidosis and alkalosis.

Accepted Answer

A)   gastrointestinal
B)   renal
C)   cardiovascular
D)   respiratoryE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 9

Diarrhea causes

Accepted Answer

A)   respiratory acidosis.
B)   respiratory alkalosis.
C)   metabolic acidosis.
D)   metabolic alkalosis.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

The major buffer in the extracellular fluid is

Accepted Answer

A)   hemoglobin.
B)   albumin.
C)   bicarbonate.
D)   phosphate.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 11

Respiratory alkalosis is caused by

Accepted Answer

A)   hyperventilation.
B)   pneumonia.
C)   chest muscle weakness.
D)   pulmonary edema.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 12

Metabolic alkalosis is often accompanied by

Accepted Answer

A)   hypernatremia.
B)   hyponatremia.
C)   hyperkalemia.
D)   hypokalemia.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 13

Fully compensated respiratory acidosis is demonstrated by

Accepted Answer

A)   pH 7.36, PaCO₂ 55, HCO₃- 36.
B)   pH 7.45, PaCO₂ 40, HCO₃- 28.
C)   pH 7.26, PaCO₂ 60, HCO₃- 26.
D)   pH 7.40, PaCO₂ 40, HCO₃- 24.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C) A

Question 14

If an individual has a fully compensated metabolic acidosis,the blood pH is

Accepted Answer

A)   high.
B)   low.
C)   in the normal range.
D)   either high or low, depending on the type of compensation.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 15

Early manifestations of a developing metabolic acidosis include

Accepted Answer

A)   coma.
B)   headache.
C)   muscle cramps.
D)   short and shallow respirations.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 16

The arterial blood gas pH = 7.52,PaCO₂ = 30 mm Hg,HCO₃- = 24 mEq/L demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A)   metabolic acidosis.
B)   respiratory acidosis.
C)   respiratory alkalosis.
D)   mixed alkalosis.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

Respiratory acidosis may be caused by

Accepted Answer

A)   hyperventilation.
B)   massive blood transfusion.
C)   tissue hypoxia.
D)   hypoventilation.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 18

Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis would result in

Accepted Answer

A)   increased pH, increased HCO₃-.
B)   increased pH, decreased HCO₃-.
C)   decreased pH, increased HCO₃-.
D)   decreased pH, decreased HCO₃-.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

A person who experiences a panic attack and develops hyperventilation symptoms may experience

Accepted Answer

A)   neuromuscular depression.
B)   anxiety acidosis.
C)   numbness and tingling in the extremities.
D)   acute compensatory metabolic acidosis.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

Emesis causes

Accepted Answer

A)   respiratory acidosis.
B)   respiratory alkalosis.
C)   metabolic acidosis.
D)   metabolic alkalosis.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Exam 25: Acid-Base Homeostasis and Imbalances

Two primary acid-base disorders that are present independently are referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A patient has been hospitalized several times in 6 months with severe ECV depletion and hypokalemia resulting from chronic laxative abuse.Which blood gas results should be relayed to the physician?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which acid are the kidneys unable to excrete?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Respiratory acidosis is associated with

Correct AnswerverifiedA

A 3-year-old is diagnosed with starvation ketoacidosis.What signs and symptoms should you anticipate in your assessment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A person with acute hypoxemia may hyperventilate and develop

Correct AnswerverifiedB

The patient who requires the most careful monitoring for development of metabolic acidosis is a patient who

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ________ system compensates for metabolic acidosis and alkalosis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Diarrhea causes

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The major buffer in the extracellular fluid is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Respiratory alkalosis is caused by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Metabolic alkalosis is often accompanied by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fully compensated respiratory acidosis is demonstrated by

Correct AnswerverifiedA

If an individual has a fully compensated metabolic acidosis,the blood pH is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Early manifestations of a developing metabolic acidosis include

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The arterial blood gas pH = 7.52,PaCO₂ = 30 mm Hg,HCO₃- = 24 mEq/L demonstrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Respiratory acidosis may be caused by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis would result in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A person who experiences a panic attack and develops hyperventilation symptoms may experience

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Emesis causes

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A

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